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Date: April 30, 2024 Tue
Time: 2:10 am
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Results for arrest and apprehension
11 results foundAuthor: Statistics New Zealand Title: Patterns in Police Apprehensions in New Zealand 2005/06 to 2008/09 Summary: Patterns in Police Apprehensions in New Zealand 2005/06 to 2008/09 uses official New Zealand police apprehension statistics between the 2005/06 and 2008/09 police fiscal years to explore three aspects of police apprehensions. Within the criminal justice system, the New Zealand Police provide the crucial first response to crime, after which offenders are filtered through the courts and, ultimately, the prison system. The initial police phase of the criminal justice system impacts upon the lives of many New Zealanders. It is important to have a clear understanding of this area, both in terms of the people affected and the resources expended. The first aspect of police apprehensions describes the offences that make up the apprehensions environment, looking at offence composition and trends. The second aspect of this report looks at the differences in resolution type, such as prosecution or warning/caution, between each type of offence, and investigates the relationship between offence seriousness and resolution type. Finally, the third aspect of this report looks at the demographic variables of age and gender in relation to the type of offence. As well as using raw volumes, the report also incorporates the Ministry of Justice seriousness scale to shed new light on the intensity of offences being committed, who is committing them, and how they are being dealt with. Details: Wellington: Statistics New Zealand, 2010. 98p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed September 7, 2010 at: http://www.stats.govt.nz/browse_for_stats/people_and_communities/crime_and_justice/patterns-in-police-apprehensions-in-nz.aspx Year: 2010 Country: New Zealand URL: http://www.stats.govt.nz/browse_for_stats/people_and_communities/crime_and_justice/patterns-in-police-apprehensions-in-nz.aspx Shelf Number: 119263 Keywords: Arrest and ApprehensionCrime StatisticsPolicing |
Author: Uda, Terry Title: Drug and Alcohol Related Offenses and Arrests 2005-2009 Summary: Thie report addresses the numbers of alcohol and drug related offense and arrests between 2005 through 2009. The first section of the report gives an overall summary of drug and alcohol arrests. The report then presents arrestee demographic information; including race, ethnicity, gender and age. Also addressed are drug seizures and incidents that involved an offender or offenders suspected of using drugs and/or alcohol. The report concludes with a comparison of Idaho counties by alcohol arrests, drug arrests and drug seizures. Details: Meridian, ID: Idaho Statistical Analysis Center, 2011. 24p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed May 9, 2011 at: Year: 2011 Country: United States URL: Shelf Number: 121684 Keywords: Alcohol AbuseAlcohol Related Crime, DisorderArrest and ApprehensionDrug Offenders (Idaho)Drug Offenses |
Author: Great Britain. Home Office Title: An Overview of Recorded Crimes and Arrests Resulting from Disorder Events in August 2011 Summary: This report presents an analytical overview of the disorder that occurred in parts of England in August 2011. It reports on 5,175 recorded crimes and 4,105 arrests across 19 police forces that were affected by the disorder. The analysis covers where and when the disorder took place; the types of crimes recorded by the police; and the characteristics of suspects arrested by the police. The statistics are based on police recorded crime and arrestee data and present a snapshot of the picture as at early September 2011. The report also summarises statistics released separately by the Ministry of Justice on the characteristics of suspects going before the courts. Details: London: Home Office, 2011. 34p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed October 24, 2011 at: http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/publications/science-research-statistics/research-statistics/crime-research/overview-disorder-aug2011/ Year: 2011 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/publications/science-research-statistics/research-statistics/crime-research/overview-disorder-aug2011/ Shelf Number: 123120 Keywords: Arrest and ApprehensionDisorderly ConductDisorderly Conduct (U.K.)Nuisance Behaviors and Disorders |
Author: Neanidis, Kyriakos C. Title: Crime, Fertility, and Economic Growth: Theory and Evidence Summary: This paper studies the link between crime and fertility and the way by which they jointly impact on economic growth. In a three-period overlapping genera- tions model, where health status in adulthood depends on health in childhood, adult agents allocate their time to work, leisure, child rearing and criminal ac- tivities. An autonomous increase in the probability o¤enders face in escaping apprehension, increases both crime and fertility non-monotonically, giving rise to an ambiguous e¤ect on growth. A cross-country empirical examination, based on data that span four decades, supports the non-linear e¤ects on both crime and fertility. At the same time, it reveals a negative e¤ect on output growth. Details: Manchester, UK: Centre for Growth and Business Cycle Research, Economic Studies, University of Manchester, 2012. 49p. Source: Discussion Paper Series No. 163: Internet Resource: Accessed March 14, 2012 at http://www.socialsciences.manchester.ac.uk/cgbcr/dpcgbcr/dpcgbcr163.pdf Year: 2012 Country: International URL: http://www.socialsciences.manchester.ac.uk/cgbcr/dpcgbcr/dpcgbcr163.pdf Shelf Number: 124543 Keywords: Arrest and ApprehensionEconomic GrowthFertilityPrediction of Crime |
Author: Males, Mike Title: San Francisco’s Arrest Rates of African Americans for Drug Felonies Worsens Summary: The following publication details a 40+ year pattern of San Francisco’s racially discriminatory arrest practices against African Americans, which recently increased in intensity. Specifically, the publication finds: African Americans experienced felony drug arrest rates 19 times higher than other races in San Francisco, and 7.3 times higher than African Americans elsewhere in California. San Francisco’s explosion in drug felony arrests of African Americans, during the 1995-2009 period, did not occur elsewhere in the state, nor for other racial categories in the city. The city’s African American female youth account for over 40% of the felony drug arrests of African American female youths in California, and have arrest rates 50 times higher than their counterparts in other counties. More than half of all youth drug felonies involved African Americans, who constitute 9% of the city’s youth; and one-third Latino males, who comprise 11% of the city’s youth. Despite disproportionately high drug arrest rates among young African Americans in San Francisco, of the more than 2,000 residents and nonresidents in the city who have died from abuse of illicit drugs in the last decade, 6 in 10 were non-Latino Whites, and more than 7 in 10 were age 40 and older. The Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice (CJCJ) respectfully recommends that the San Francisco Human Rights Commission and San Francisco Board of Supervisors investigate and respond to these racially disparate trends of policing and arrest. It is arguable that this violates the human rights of African Americans under the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (ICERD) and the anti-discriminatory clause of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), both signed and ratified by the United States. This publication concludes with three recommendations for consideration by the San Francisco Human Rights Commission and Board of Supervisors, to investigate and adequately address the concerns highlighted throughout this publication. Details: San Francisco: Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice, 2012. 28p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed May 2, 2012 at: http://www.cjcj.org/files/Drug_Policy_2012_in_SF.pdf Year: 2012 Country: United States URL: http://www.cjcj.org/files/Drug_Policy_2012_in_SF.pdf Shelf Number: 125129 Keywords: African AmericansArrest and ApprehensionDiscriminationDrug Offenders (San Francisco)Felony Drug ArrestsRacial DisparitiesRacial Profiling, Drug Offenders |
Author: Carrera, Sergio Title: Europe’s Most Wanted? Recalibrating Trust in the European Arrest Warrant System Summary: This paper assesses the uses and misuses in the application of the European Arrest Warrant (EAW) system in the European Union. It examines the main quantitative results of this extradition system achieved between 2005 and 2011 on the basis of the existing statistical knowledge on its implementation at EU official levels. The EAW has been anchored in a high level of ‘mutual trust’ between the participating states’ criminal justice regimes and authorities. This reciprocal confidence, however, has been subject to an increasing number of challenges resulting from its practical application, presenting a dual conundrum: 1. Principle of proportionality: Who are the competent judicial authorities cooperating with each other and ensuring that there are sufficient impartial controls over the necessity and proportionality of the decisions on the issuing and execution of EAWs? 2. Principle of division of powers: How can criminal justice authorities be expected to handle different criminal judicial traditions in what is supposed to constitute a ‘serious’ or ‘minor’ crime in their respective legal settings and ‘who’ is ultimately to determine (divorced from political considerations) when is it duly justified to make the EAW system operational? It is argued that the next generation of the EU’s criminal justice cooperation and the EAW need to recognise and acknowledge that the mutual trust premise upon which the European system has been built so far is no longer viable without devising new EU policy stakeholders’ structures and evaluation mechanisms. These should allow for the recalibration of mutual trust and mistrust in EU justice systems in light of the experiences of the criminal justice actors and practitioners having a stake in putting the EAW into daily effect. Such a ‘bottom-up approach’ should be backed up with the best impartial and objective evaluation, an improved system of statistical collection and an independent qualitative assessment of its implementation. This should be placed as the central axis of a renewed EAW framework which should seek to better ensure the accountability, impartial (EU-led) scrutiny and transparency of member states’ application of the EAW in light of the general principles and fundamental rights constituting the foundations of the European system of criminal justice cooperation. Details: Brussels, Belgium: Centre for European Policy Studies, 2013. 46p. Source: Internet Resource: CEPS Paper in Liberty and Security in Europe no. 55: Accessed March 26, 2013 at: http://www.ceps.eu/book/europe%E2%80%99s-most-wanted-recalibrating-trust-european-arrest-warrant-system Year: 2013 Country: Europe URL: http://www.ceps.eu/book/europe%E2%80%99s-most-wanted-recalibrating-trust-european-arrest-warrant-system Shelf Number: 128131 Keywords: Arrest and ApprehensionArrest Warrants (Europe)Criminal ProcedureJudicial Systems |
Author: Karugonjo-Segawa, Roselyn Title: Pre-trial Detention in Uganda Summary: Despite a legal framework that is, on the whole, compliant with international human rights standards, implementation of the procedural safeguards for arrest and detention is weak in Uganda. Most pretrial detainees are victims of arbitrary arrests and do not enjoy the rights that accrue to them during their arrest and detention. Sometimes this is based on inadequate police training and capacity for criminal investigations, discrimination, political interference and corruption, among others. Detainees who are poor and cannot afford legal services often remain in custody for a longer time. Prolonged pre-trial detention has adverse effects on the rights of detainees to a fair and speedy trial. Detainees are often held in overcrowded facilities, which may have an impact on their health and which increases their risk of being subjected to torture and other cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment or punishment. Most detention facilities in Uganda are not suitable for housing detainees, and there are frequent challenges in providing food, water and other basic necessities such as hygiene, sanitation and bedding. Moreover, many of these facilities are dilapidated, overcrowded and have inadequate space, lighting and ventilation. Most inmates do not have access to adequate food and water especially in police cells. Inmates often lack clothing and bedding, access to health services, facilities for personal hygiene and access to opportunities for exercise. There are oversight and accountability mechanisms at the national and international level. National mechanisms include both the internal and external mechanisms, but these are weak and need to be strengthened if they are to contribute to improved accountability. The mechanisms at the regional and international level also provide such opportunities, but cannot work in isolation, and need to be understood as complementing national measures. Therefore, for the regional and international mechanisms to work, it is important for them to work in cooperation with the state, and other national mechanisms. Details: Mowbray, South Africa: African Policing Civilian Oversight Forum, 2012. 20p. Source: Internet Resource: APCOF Policy Paper No. 4: Accessed October 28, 2013 at: http://www.apcof.org/files/173_Pretrial_Detention_Uganda.pdf Year: 2012 Country: Uganda URL: http://www.apcof.org/files/173_Pretrial_Detention_Uganda.pdf Shelf Number: 131495 Keywords: Arrest and Apprehension Correctional Facilities Pretrial Detention (Uganda) |
Author: Edwards, Louise Title: Pre-Trial Justice in Africa: An Overview of the Use of Arrest and Detention, and Conditions of Detention Summary: Arbitrary arrest and detention, and poor conditions of pre-trial detention are prevalent but underexamined areas of criminal justice practice and reform. Approximately 43.3% of detainees across Africa are pre-trial detainees, with statistics ranging from 7.9% of the total prison population in Namibia, to 88.7% in Libya. These statistics are unlikely to include detainees in police detention facilities, and may therefore be significantly higher. Pre-trial detainees often exist in the shadows of the criminal justice system, as their detention and treatment are not generally subject to the same levels of judicial and other oversight as sentenced prisoners. Overall, pre-trial detainees experience poorer outcomes than sentenced prisoners in relation to conditions of detention, the risk of torture and other ill-treatment, susceptibility to corruption, and experience conditions of detention that do not accord with the rights to life, humane treatment and the inherent dignity of the person. Pre-trial detention has a disproportionate impact on the most vulnerable and marginalised, with pre-trial detainees more likely to be poor and without means to afford legal assistance or to post bail or bond. The over-use of pre-trial detention, and conditions of detention that do not accord with basic minimum standards, undermines the rule of law, wastes public resources and endangers public health. This study provides an overview of the challenges to achieving a rights-based approach to the use of arrest and detention by the police across Africa. It sets out the general principles of international law in relation to the procedural safeguards for arrest and detention and minimum standards for conditions of detention, and examines whether, and why, reports of arbitrary arrest and detention, and poor conditions of detention in police facilities persist across the African continent. The paper is structured as follows: - Part A: Introduction and methodology - Part B: The use of arrest - Part C: The use of pre-trial detention in police custody - Part D: Conditions of detention in police facilities - Part E: Conclusion and recommendations. The report concludes with a number of recommendations aimed at promoting a rights-based approach to arrest and detention. Specifically, it proposes that the African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights (ACHPR) use its mandate to 'formulate and lay down principles and rules' in relation to human rights to adopt a dedicated set of guidelines on pre-trial detention that promotes the implementation of a rights-based approach to arrest and detention across the continent. Details: Mowbray, South Africa: African Policing Civilian Oversight Forum, 2013. 28p. Source: Internet Resource: APCOF Policy Paper no. 7: Accessed October 28, 2013 at: http://www.apcof.org/files/8412_Pretrial_TrialJustice_Overview_in_Africa.pdf Year: 2013 Country: Africa URL: http://www.apcof.org/files/8412_Pretrial_TrialJustice_Overview_in_Africa.pdf Shelf Number: 131497 Keywords: Arrest and ApprehensionHuman RightsPretrial DetentionPrison Prisoners |
Author: Bachir, Talfi Idrissa Title: Arrest and Pre-trial Detention in Niger: A review of domestic legislation Summary: Police detention is a measure that allows an officer of the criminal investigation department of the police 'to detain one or more persons', either 'for purposes of investigation' or because there 'is sufficient reliable and consistent evidence against the person to justify pressing charges'. The period of detention may not exceed 48 hours, unless expressly extended. The purpose of pre-trial detention therefore is to prevent a person suspected of having committed or attempting to commit an offence from fleeing and/or disposing of evidence, or from influencing witnesses. Given that this constitutes a deprivation of liberty, pre-trial detention may create risks for the infringement of a range of fundamental human rights. Therefore, those held in custody require guarantees that their rights will be protected, and that their detention is indeed a temporary measure. This review examines the legal framework relating to the use of arrest and pre-trial detention by the police in Niger. A detailed review of the current domestic legislative regime is provided, and this is supported by a review of how this relates to the international framework. Details: Mowbray, South Africa: African Policing Civilian Oversight Forum, 2013. 16p. Source: Internet Resource: APCOF Policy Paper no. 6: Accessed October 28, 2013 at: http://www.apcof.org/files/3597_Pretrial_Detention_Niger.pdf Year: 2013 Country: Niger URL: http://www.apcof.org/files/3597_Pretrial_Detention_Niger.pdf Shelf Number: 131498 Keywords: Arrest and ApprehensionHuman RightsPretrial Detention (Niger) |
Author: Curry, Philip A. Title: Crime, Apprehension and Clearance Rates: Panel Data Evidence from Canadian Provinces Summary: The Becker (1968) model of crime establishes the importance of the probability of apprehension as a key factor in a rational individual's decision to commit a crime. In this respect, most empirical studies have used U.S. data to study the effects of more police officers on crime rates. We add to the relatively thin literature on the impacts of clearance rates, which we think is an equally important measure of the probability of apprehension. Our data are drawn from a panel of Canadian provinces from 1986-2005. Reduced form and IV estimates yield statistically significant elasticities of clearance rates, ranging from -0.2 to -0.36 from violent crimes and from -0.5 to -0.6 for property crimes. We think that these findings reflect the importance of productivity of the police force in terms of solving crimes and the possibility that hiring of police officers will not necessarily result in lower crime rates. Details: Unpublished paper, 2013. 41p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed May 19, 2015 at: http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2336202 Year: 2013 Country: Canada URL: http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2336202 Shelf Number: 135716 Keywords: Arrest and ApprehensionClearance RatesProperty CrimeViolent Crime |
Author: Ward, Shannon Title: Bad Behavior: Delinquency, Arrest and Early School Leaving Summary: In this paper we investigate the effects of delinquency and arrest on school leaving using information on males from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997. We use a multivariate mixed proportional hazard framework in order to account for common unobserved confounders and reverse causality. Our key finding is that delinquency as well as arrest leads to early school leaving. Further investigation reveals that the effect of delinquency is largely driven by income generating crimes, and the effect of both income generating crime and arrest are greater when onset occurs at younger ages. These findings are consistent with a criminal capital accumulation mechanism. On the basis of our sample, we show that taking into account the proportion of young men affected by delinquency and arrest, that the overall reduction in education due to delinquency is at least as large as the reduction due to arrest. This highlights the need for crime prevention efforts to extend beyond youth who come into contact with the justice system. Details: Bonn, Germany: Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA), 2015. 55p. Source: Internet Resource: IZA Discussion Paper No. 9248: Accessed August 17, 2015 at: http://ftp.iza.org/dp9248.pdf Year: 2015 Country: United States URL: http://ftp.iza.org/dp9248.pdf Shelf Number: 136442 Keywords: Arrest and ApprehensionEducation Juvenile Delinquency Juvenile Offenders |